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Manana (Sanskrit: मनन) is the deep state of thinking without joy or grief.Yajnavalkya in the context of the ''mahavakya'' – ''Tat Tvam Asi'', told Paingala that whereas ''shravana'' ('hearing') is the inquiry into the real significance of this ''vākya'', to inquire in solitude into the significance of ''shravana'' is ''manana'' (consideration or reflection). Patanjali terms ''manana'' as ''dharana'', 〔 〕 the unshakeable mental conviction. In Advaita Vedanta, ''manana'', the deep reflection on what is heard from the teacher, is a part of the three-fold process of ''shravana-manana-nididhyasana'', the three stages of religious life which combined acting as the path of knowledge, lead to the attainment of ''moksha''. According to the Pasupatas belonging to the cult of Shiva, ''manana'' is a ''satmaka'' or mastery over the power of seeing and acting; ''manana'' is the supernormal knowing of objects of thoughts. ''Manana'' means – 'thinking', 'reflection', 'meditation', 'cogitation'; Panchadasi (Sloka I.53) reads as follows:- :इत्थं वाक्यैस्तदर्थानुसन्धानं श्रवणं भवेत् | :युक्त्या संभावितत्वानुसंधानं मन्नन्तु तत् || :"The finding out or discovery of the true significance of the identity of the individual self and the supreme Universal Self with the great sayings is what is known as shravana; and to arrive at the possibility of its validity through logical reasoning is what is called manana." In this context, Vidyaranya had previously stated that the Self is untouched by doubts about the presence or absence of associates etc; that are superimposed on it phenomenally. In the afore-cited sloka, Swami Swahananda in his commentary explains that whatever be the relation between two ''vikalpas'' ('alternatives'), relation itself has to be understood which even though not an attribute is to be related, for the domain of ''bheda'' ('difference') is riddled with contradictions. Vedanta considers vikalpa as ''kalpana'' or 'contrary imagination' that invariably leads to anavastha ('infinite regress'). The identity alluded to by the great sayings (''mahavakyas'') conveyed by a Guru to his disciples i.e. sown in the mind of his sisya, have logical support for their validity which support is revealed through manana which process reveals true knowledge. It is through deep meditation that the knowledge of Brahman is gained, and Katha Upanishad (I.iii.15) declares that one becomes free from the jaws of death by knowing that which is ever constant; Badarayana states that what is mentioned in that Upanishad is meant for deep meditation on Purusha - आध्यानाय प्रयोजनाभावात् (Brahma Sutras III.iii.14), during which process the differing attributes are not to be combined but only non-different attributes which exist collectively in all the contexts. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manana (reflection)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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